Which of the following is NOT a method of monitoring guidelines in IPM?

Monitoring is a critical component of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) that involves observing pest populations to make informed decisions about pest control strategies. In this context, the methods used for monitoring typically include various techniques to identify the presence and levels of pest populations and assess their impact on the environment.

Visual inspection is a fundamental monitoring method that involves physically examining plants, crops, and landscapes for any signs of pest activity, such as damage or the presence of pests.

Pheromones are chemical signals used by insects to communicate, and they can be employed in monitoring as traps that attract pests based on their natural behaviors. This method helps in determining the types and population levels of pests present in a given area.

Sticky traps are also widely used in monitoring practices, allowing easy tracking of pest populations by capturing insects on an adhesive surface. This method is effective in providing quantitative data on pest types and numbers.

In contrast, electric repellents do not fit the monitoring category as they are designed to repel pests rather than observe or assess their population levels. Instead of gathering data or providing an understanding of pest dynamics, electric repellents attempt to influence pest behavior, making them less relevant to monitoring guidelines within the IPM framework.