Which of the following is considered a "non-pesticide" method of pest control?

The correct answer identifies biological control and cultural practices as a non-pesticide method of pest control. This approach utilizes natural predators, parasites, or pathogens to manage pest populations, making it an integral part of integrated pest management (IPM). Cultural practices include methods such as crop rotation, planting resistant varieties, sanitation, and altering planting times or methods to reduce pest establishment and damage. These strategies aim to create an environment that is less conducive to pest proliferation and to promote the health of crops without relying on chemical interventions.

In contrast, options such as chemical application of insecticides, the use of synthetic fertilizers, and soil fumigation techniques all involve the application of synthetic or chemical substances purposefully designed to manage or inhibit pest and disease outbreaks. These methods fall under the category of pesticide use. The focus on non-pesticide strategies highlights the importance of sustainable pest management practices that emphasize ecosystem balance and reduced reliance on chemical inputs.